Plotting a Point in the Plane if its Coordinates are Given
Summary
Introduction
Linear Equations
Solution of a Linear Equation
Graph of a Linear Equation in Two Variables
Equations of Lines Parallel to the x-axis and y-axis
Summary
Introduction
Euclids Definitions, Axioms and Postulates
Equivalent Versions of Euclids Fifth Postulate
Summary
Introduction
Basic Terms and Definitions
Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines
Pairs of Angles
Axiom : If a Ray stands on a Line, then the Sum of two Adjacent Angles so formed is 180 Axiom:
If the Sum of two Adjacent Angles is 180 degree Theorem : If Two Lines Intersect Each Other,
then the Vertically Opposite Angles are Equal. Parallel Lines and a Transversal
Axiom : Each Pair of Corresponding Angle is Equal. Axiom : Pair of Corresponding Angle is Equal,
then the Two Lines are Parallel to each other. Theorem : Pair of Alternate Interior Angles
is Equal. Theorem : Pair of Interior Angles on the same Side of the Transversal is Supplementary.
Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
Theorem:The Sum of the Angles of a Triangle is 180 degree Theorem :Exterior Angle so formed is
equal to the Sum of the Two Interior Opposite Angles. Summary
Lines Parallel to the Same Line
Introduction
Congruence of Triangles
Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
Axiom(7.1) SAS congruence rule:Two Triangles are Congruent if Two Sides and the included Angle
of one Triangle are equal to the sides and the included Angle of the other Triangle. Theorem(7.1)::ASA
congruence rule : Two Triangles are Congruent if Two Angles and the included Side of one Triangle
are Equal to Two Angles and the included Side of other Triangle. Some Properties of a Triangle
Theorem(7.2) : Angles Opposite to Equal Sides of an Isosceles Triangle are Equal. Some More Criteria
for Congruence of Triangles.
Theorem (7.4) SSS Congruence rule : If Three Sides of One Triangle are equal to the Three Sides
of another Triangle, then the Two Triangles are Congruent. Theorem( 7.5) RHS Congruence Rule
: If in Two Right Triangles the Hypotenuse and One Side of one Triangle are equal to the Hypotenuse
and One side of the other triangle, then the Two Triangles are Con Inequalities in a Triangle
Summary
Introduction
Angle Sum Property of a Quadrilateral
Types of Quadrilaterals
Properties of a Parallelogram
Theorem (8.1 ): A Diagonal of a Parallelogram Divides it into Two Congruent Triangles. Theorem(
8.2) : In a Parallelogram, Opposite Sides are Equal. Theorem( 8.4) : In a Parallelogram, Opposite
Angles are Equal. Theorem( 8.6) : The Diagonals of a Parallelogram Bisect each other. Another
Condition for a Quadrilateral to be a Parallelogram
Theorem (8.8) : A Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram if a Pair of Opposite Sides is Equal and Parallel
The Mid-point Theorem
Theorem( 8.9) : The Line Segment joining the Mid-points of Two Sides of a Triangle is Parallel
to the Third Side. Theorem( 8.10) : The Line drawn through the Mid-point of One Side of a Triangle,Parallel
to another Side Bisects the Third Side. Summary
Introduction
Figures on the Same Base and Between the Same Parallels
Parallelograms on the Same Base and Between the same Parallels
Theorem( 9.1) : Parallelograms on the Same Base and between the Same Parallels are Equal in Area.
Theorem( 9.2): Two Triangles on the Same Base and between the Same Parallels are Equal in Area.
Triangles on the same Base and between the same Parallels
Summary
Introduction
Circles and Its Related Terms: A Review
Angle Subtended by a Chord at a Point
Theorem (10.1) : Equal Chords of a Circle Subtend Equal Angles at the Centre. Theorem (10.2)
: If the Angles Subtended by the Chords of a Circle at the Centre are Equal, then the Chords
are Equal. Perpendicular from the Centre to a Chord
Theorem( 10.3) : The Perpendicular from the Centre of a Circle to a Chord Bisects the Chord.
Circle through Three Points
Theorem( 10.5) : There is One and only One Circle passing through Three given Non-Collinear Points.
Equal Chords and Their Distances from the Centre
Theorem (10.6) : Equal Chords of a Circle (or of congruent circles) are Equidistant from the
Centre (or centres). Angle Subtended by an Arc of a Circle
Theorem (10.8) : The Angle Subtended by an Arc at the Centre is Double the Angle Aubtended by
it at any Point on the Remaining Part of the Circle Theorem (10.9 ) : Angles in the Same Segment
of a Circle are Equal. Theorem (10.10 ): If a Line Segment joining Two Points Subtends Equal
Angles at Two other Points lying on the Same Side of the Line containing the Line Segment,
the Four points lie on a Circle (i.e. t Cyclic Quadrilaterals
Theorem (10.11) : The Sum of Either Pair of Opposite Angles of a Cyclic Quadrilateral is 180?.
Theorem (10.12) : If the Sum of a Pair of Opposite Angles of a Quadrilateral is180?, the Quadrilateral
is Cyclic. Summary
Introduction
Basic Constructions
Construction( 11.1 )To Construct the Bisector of a Given Angle. Construction (11.2) To Construct
the Perpendicular Bisector of a Given Line Segment. Construction (11.3 )To Construct an Angle
of 60 ?at the Initial Point of a Given Ray. Some Constructions of Triangles
Construction( 11.4 )To Construct a Triangle, given its Base, a Base Angle and Sum of other Two
Sides. Construction (11.5) To Construct a Triangle given its Base, a Base Angle and the Difference
of the other two Sides. Construction 11.6 : To construct a triangle, given its perimeter and
its two base Angles Summary
Introduction
Area of a Triangle by Herons Formula
Application of Herons Formula in Finding Areas of Quadrilaterals
Summary
Introduction
Surface Area of a Cuboid and a Cube
Surface Area of a Right Circular Cylinder
Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone
Surface Area of a Sphere
Volume of a Cuboid
Volume of a Cylinder
Volume of a Right Circular Cone
Volume of a Sphere
Summary
Introduction
Collection of Data
Presentation of Data
Graphical Representation of Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Summary
Introduction
Probability ? an Experimental Approach
Summary
Physics
Friction
Physics
Kepler’s Laws Of Planetary Motion
Physics
Wave motion
Topics Covered
Physics
Describing Motion
Motion along a straight line Uniform motion and non-uniform motion Measuring the Rate of Motion
Speed with Direction Rate of Change of Velocity
Graphical Representation of Motion
Distance-Time graph Velocity-Time graph Equations of Motion by Graphical method
Equation for Velocity-Time Relation Equation for Position-Time Relation Equation for Position-Velocity
Relation Uniform Circular Motion
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Newtons First law of Motion
Inertia and Mass
Newtons Second Law of Motion
Mathematical formulation of Second Law of Motion Third Law of Motion
Conservation of Momentum
Gravitation
Universal Law of Gravitation Importance of the Universal Law of Gravitation Free Fall
To calculate the value of g Mass
Weight
Weight of an object on the moon Thrust and Pressure
Pressure in Fluids Buoyancy Why Objects Float or Sink when placed on the Surface of Water? Archimede's
Principle
Relative Density
Work
Not much "work" in spite of Working Hard Scientific Conception of Work Work Done by a Constant
Force Energy
Forms of Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Potential energy of an object at a Height Are
Various Energy Forms Interconvertible? Law of Conservation of Energy Rate of Doing Work?
Commercial Unit of Energy
Production of Sound
Propagation of Sound
Sound needs a Medium to Travel Sound Waves are Longitudinal Waves Characteristics of a Sound
Wave Speed of Sound in Different Media Reflection of Sound
Echo Reverberation Uses of Multiple Reflection of Sound Range of Hearing
Applications of Ultrasound
Sonar Structure of Human Ear
Chemistry
Arrangement of electrons
Chemistry
Evaporation
Chemistry
Mole concept
Topics Covered
Physical Nature of Matter
Matter is made of Particles and How small are these Particles Characteristics of Particles of
Matter
Particles of Matter are Continuously Moving Particles of Matter have Space between them Particles
of Matter Attract each other State of Matter
States of matter - Solid, Liquid and Gaseous state Can Matter Change its State?
Effect of Change of Temperature Effect of Change of Pressure Evaporation
Factors Affecting Evaporation and Evaporation causes cooling
What is a Mixture?
Types of Mixture What is a Solution?
Concentration of a Solution What is a Suspension? What is a Colloidal Solution? Separating the
Components of a Mixture
How can we Separate Cream from Milk? How can we separate a mixture of two Immiscible Liquids?
How can we separate a mixture of Salt and Ammonium Chloride? Is the Dye in Black Ink a Single
Colour? How can we separate a mixture of two Miscible Liquids? How can we obtain different
Gases from Air? How can we obtain Pure Copper Sulphate from an Impure Sample? Physical and
Chemical Changes
What are the types of Pure Substances?
Elements Compounds
Laws of chemical combination
Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Constant Proportion What is an Atom?
Modern day symbols of Atoms of different elements and Atomic mass How do Atoms Exist What is
a Molecule?
Molecules of Elements and Compounds What is an Ion Writing Chemical Formulae
Formulae of Simple Compouds Molecular mass and Mole Concept
Molecular Mass Formula Unit Mass Mole Concept
Charged Particles in Matter
The Structure of an Atom
Thomson's Model of an Atom Rutherford's Model of Atom Drawbacks of Rutherfords Model of the Atom
Bohr's Model of Atom Neutrons How are Electrons Distributed in Different Orbits (Shells)
Valency
Atomic and Mass Number
Atomic Number Mass Number Isotopes
Biology
Endopalsmic reticulum
Biology
Nitrogen cycle
Biology
Ozone layer
Topics Covered
What are living organisms made up of?
What is a Cell Made Up of ? What is the Structural Organisation of a Cell?
The Significance of Health Personal and Community Issues both matter for Health Distinction between
"Healthy" and "Disease free" Diseases and its Causes
What does Disease look like? Acute and Chronic Diseases Chronic diseases and Poor Health Causes
of diseases Infectious and Non Infectious Causes Infectious Diseases
Infectious Agents Means of Spread Organ Specific and TissueSpecific Manifestations Principles
of Treatment Principles of Prevention
The Breath of life: Air
The Role of the Atmosphere in Climate Control The Movement of Air : Winds Rain Air Pollution
Water: A Wonder Liquid
Water Pollution Mineral Riches in the Soil
Biogeochemical Cycles
The Water-Cycle The Nitrogen- Cycle The Carbon Cycle The Green House Effect The Oxygen Cycle
Ozone Layer